"undulate" meaning in All languages combined

See undulate on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈʌndjəlɪt/ (note: non-merged vowel), /ˈʌndjʊlɪt/ (note: non-merged vowel), /ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/ (note: non-merged vowel), /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/ (note: non-merged vowel), /ˈʌndəlɪt/ (note: non-merged vowel), /ˈʌndjələt/ (note: merged vowel), /ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/ (note: merged vowel), /ˈʌndələt/ (note: merged vowel) Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav [Southern-England] Forms: more undulate [comparative], most undulate [superlative]
Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la-lat|undulātus||undulated}} Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), {{af|en|-ate|id1=adjective|pos1=adjective-forming suffix}} -ate (adjective-forming suffix) Head templates: {{en-adj}} undulate (comparative more undulate, superlative most undulate)
  1. Wavy in appearance or form. Translations (wavy in appearance or form): вълнообразен (vălnoobrazen) (Bulgarian), lainetav [singular] (Estonian), κυματώδης (kymatódis) [feminine, masculine] (Greek), κυματοειδής (kymatoeidís) [feminine, masculine] (Greek), κυματιστός (kymatistós) [masculine] (Greek), bølget (Norwegian Bokmål), falisty [masculine] (Polish), pofałdowany [masculine] (Polish), ondulado (Portuguese), волни́стый (volnístyj) (Russian), волнообра́зный (volnoobráznyj) (Russian), ondulado (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-adj-IkO3bNcm Disambiguation of 'wavy in appearance or form': 92 0 8
  2. Changing the pitch and volume of one's voice. Translations (changing one's voice): falujący [masculine] (Polish), dalgalanma (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-adj-CJWYFEb3 Disambiguation of "changing one's voice": 1 93 6
  3. (botany, of a margin) sinuous, winding up and down.
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-adj-zW8Bc2Cm Categories (other): Botany, English entries with incorrect language header, English heteronyms, English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective), Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Turkish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 2 41 12 1 16 23 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 5 5 41 12 2 16 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective): 8 7 32 13 4 19 17 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 3 3 40 13 1 17 22 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 5 41 12 2 17 19 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 3 43 12 1 16 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 8 4 39 11 4 16 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 6 5 38 11 4 17 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 8 5 35 13 2 17 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 6 5 40 11 4 17 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 7 6 40 12 4 17 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 5 4 47 10 3 15 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 5 4 45 11 2 15 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 5 5 39 13 2 17 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 5 4 41 11 4 16 18 Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈʌndjəleɪt/, /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/, /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/, /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/, /ˈʌndəleɪt/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undulate.wav [Southern-England] Forms: undulates [present, singular, third-person], undulating [participle, present], undulated [participle, past], undulated [past]
Etymology: First attested in 1664; borrowed from New Latin undulātus, the perfect passive participle of undulō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from an unattested *undula (“small wave”), diminutive of Latin unda (“wave”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*wed-}}, {{etydate|1664}} First attested in 1664, {{bor+|en|la-new|undulātus|nocap=1}} borrowed from New Latin undulātus, {{glossary|perfect}} perfect, {{glossary|passive}} passive, {{glossary|participle}} participle, {{af|en|-ate|id1=verb|pos1=verb-forming suffix}} -ate (verb-forming suffix), {{der|en|la|unda||wave}} Latin unda (“wave”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} undulate (third-person singular simple present undulates, present participle undulating, simple past and past participle undulated)
  1. (transitive) To cause to move in a wavelike motion. Tags: transitive Translations (transitive: cause to move in a wave): вълнувам (vălnuvam) (Bulgarian), ondular (Catalan), ondar (Catalan), ondulere (Danish), svinger (Danish), värisyttää (Finnish), saada aaltoilemaan (Finnish), wogen (German), schwingen (German), wellenförmig bewegen (German), κυματίζω (kymatízo) (Greek), 흔들다 (heundeulda) (Korean), طالغهلانمق (dalgalanmak) (Ottoman Turkish), ondular (Portuguese), ondear (Portuguese), ряби́ть (rjabítʹ) (Russian), vzvalovati (Slovene), ondear (Spanish), dalgalandırmak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-verb-paaMTqWI Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Māori translations Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 23 11 32 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 23 10 32 35 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 23 9 31 37 Disambiguation of Terms with Māori translations: 23 8 31 38 Disambiguation of 'transitive: cause to move in a wave': 45 22 32 1
  2. (transitive) To cause to resemble a wave. Tags: transitive Translations (intransitive: resemble a wave): вълнообразен съм (vălnoobrazen săm) (Bulgarian), kiemurrella (Finnish), schlängeln (German) Translations (transitive: cause to resemble a wave): правя вълнообразен (pravja vălnoobrazen) (Bulgarian), ondar (Catalan), aallottaa (Finnish), wellen (German), ondulieren (German), hullámosít (Hungarian), ondolál (Hungarian), ondular (Portuguese), ряби́ть (rjabítʹ) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-verb-TOlKfC75 Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Terms with Dutch translations Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 23 11 32 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 23 10 32 35 Disambiguation of 'intransitive: resemble a wave': 4 76 10 10 Disambiguation of 'transitive: cause to resemble a wave': 19 78 1 1
  3. (intransitive) To move in wavelike motions. Tags: intransitive Translations (intransitive: move in wavelike motions): вълнувам се (vălnuvam se) (Bulgarian), onejar (Catalan), ondular (Catalan), aaltoilla (Finnish), onduler (French), ondoyer (French), wellen (German), wallen (German), wogen (German), undulieren (German), wiegen (German), sich wellenförmig bewegen (German), κυμαίνομαι (kymaínomai) (Greek), hullámzik (Hungarian), 흔들리다 (heundeullida) (english: rattle, shake, vibrate, swing, be shaky) [intransitive] (Korean), māpuna (Māori), ngapu (Māori), pūwakawaka (Māori), bølge (Norwegian Bokmål), طالغهلانمق (dalgalanmak) (Ottoman Turkish), falować [imperfective] (Polish), ondular (Portuguese), ondear (Portuguese), ряби́ть (rjabítʹ) (Russian), ondear (Spanish), ondular (Spanish), bölja (Swedish), dalgalanmak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-verb-S7s0dHRH Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Māori translations Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 23 11 32 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 23 10 32 35 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 23 9 31 37 Disambiguation of Terms with Māori translations: 23 8 31 38 Disambiguation of 'intransitive: move in wavelike motions': 24 1 66 9
  4. (intransitive) To appear wavelike. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-undulate-en-verb-Yk2wpvbC Categories (other): English terms suffixed with -ate (verb), Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Māori translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ate (verb): 23 11 32 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 22 7 31 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 22 3 30 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 23 10 32 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 22 6 31 41 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 23 9 31 37 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 22 6 31 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 22 4 30 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 22 7 31 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Māori translations: 23 8 31 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 22 6 31 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 22 7 31 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 23 7 31 39
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: circumundulate, undulately, undulation, undulative, undulator, undulatory Related terms: oscillate
Etymology number: 1

Adjective [Latin]

Forms: undulāte [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|adjective form|head=undulāte}} undulāte
  1. vocative masculine singular of undulātus Tags: form-of, masculine, singular, vocative Form of: undulātus
    Sense id: en-undulate-la-adj-PSpeg~m7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "circumundulate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "undulately"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "undulation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "undulative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "undulator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "undulatory"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "undulātus",
      "undulatus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "undulō",
      "undulo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ate",
      "-ate#English:_verb"
    ],
    [
      "unda",
      "unda#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wed-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1664"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1664",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-new",
        "3": "undulātus",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from New Latin undulātus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "unda",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wave"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin unda (“wave”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1664; borrowed from New Latin undulātus, the perfect passive participle of undulō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from an unattested *undula (“small wave”), diminutive of Latin unda (“wave”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "undulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "undulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "undulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "undulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "undulate (third-person singular simple present undulates, present participle undulating, simple past and past participle undulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "oscillate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 11 32 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 10 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 9 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 31 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Māori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              37,
              46
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "Breath vocalized, i.e., vibrated and undulated.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to move in a wavelike motion."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-verb-paaMTqWI",
      "links": [
        [
          "wavelike",
          "wavelike"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to move in a wavelike motion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "vălnuvam",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "вълнувам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ondular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ondar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ondulere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "svinger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "värisyttää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "saada aaltoilemaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "wogen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "schwingen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "wellenförmig bewegen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "kymatízo",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "κυματίζω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "lang_code": "ko",
          "roman": "heundeulda",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "흔들다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ondular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ondear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "rjabítʹ",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ряби́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "lang_code": "sl",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "vzvalovati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "ondear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "dalgalandırmak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "45 22 32 1",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "dalgalanmak",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
          "word": "طالغهلانمق"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 11 32 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 10 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to resemble a wave."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-verb-TOlKfC75",
      "links": [
        [
          "resemble",
          "resemble"
        ],
        [
          "wave",
          "wave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to resemble a wave."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "pravja vălnoobrazen",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "правя вълнообразен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "ondar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "aallottaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "wellen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "ondulieren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "hullámosít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "ondolál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "ondular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 78 1 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "rjabítʹ",
          "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
          "word": "ряби́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 76 10 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "vălnoobrazen săm",
          "sense": "intransitive: resemble a wave",
          "word": "вълнообразен съм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 76 10 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "intransitive: resemble a wave",
          "word": "kiemurrella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 76 10 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: resemble a wave",
          "word": "schlängeln"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 11 32 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 10 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 9 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 31 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Māori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "text": "His tongue undulated.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              34,
              42
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems:",
          "text": "Come lovely and soothing death, / Undulate round the world, serenely arriving, arriving, / In the day, in the night, to all, to each, / Sooner or later delicate death.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To move in wavelike motions."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-verb-S7s0dHRH",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To move in wavelike motions."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "vălnuvam se",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "вълнувам се"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "onejar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ondular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "aaltoilla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "onduler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ondoyer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "wellen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "wallen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "wogen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "undulieren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "wiegen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "sich wellenförmig bewegen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "kymaínomai",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "κυμαίνομαι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "hullámzik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "ko",
          "english": "rattle, shake, vibrate, swing, be shaky",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "lang_code": "ko",
          "roman": "heundeullida",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "tags": [
            "intransitive"
          ],
          "translation": "rattle, shake, vibrate, swing, be shaky",
          "word": "흔들리다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Māori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "māpuna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Māori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ngapu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Māori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "pūwakawaka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "bølge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "falować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ondular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ondear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "rjabítʹ",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ряби́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ondear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "ondular"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "bölja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "dalgalanmak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "24 1 66 9",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "dalgalanmak",
          "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
          "word": "طالغهلانمق"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 11 32 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 7 31 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 3 30 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 10 32 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 6 31 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 9 31 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 6 31 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 4 30 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 7 31 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 31 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Māori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 6 31 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 7 31 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 7 31 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To appear wavelike."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-verb-Yk2wpvbC",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To appear wavelike."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjʊleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undulate.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "undulate"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "undulātus",
      "undulatus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ate",
      "-ate#English:_adjective"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "undulātus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "undulated"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "adjective",
        "pos1": "adjective-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (adjective-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more undulate",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most undulate",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "undulate (comparative more undulate, superlative most undulate)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Wavy in appearance or form."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-adj-IkO3bNcm",
      "links": [
        [
          "Wavy",
          "wavy"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "vălnoobrazen",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "word": "вълнообразен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "lang_code": "et",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "tags": [
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "lainetav"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "kymatódis",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κυματώδης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "kymatoeidís",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κυματοειδής"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "kymatistós",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κυματιστός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "word": "bølget"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "falisty"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pofałdowany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "word": "ondulado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "volnístyj",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "word": "волни́стый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "volnoobráznyj",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "word": "волнообра́зный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 0 8",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
          "word": "ondulado"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Changing the pitch and volume of one's voice."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-adj-CJWYFEb3",
      "links": [
        [
          "pitch",
          "pitch"
        ],
        [
          "volume",
          "volume"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 93 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "changing one's voice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "falujący"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 93 6",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "lang_code": "tr",
          "sense": "changing one's voice",
          "word": "dalgalanma"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "en:Botany",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 41 12 1 16 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 41 12 2 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 7 32 13 4 19 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 40 13 1 17 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 41 12 2 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 43 12 1 16 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 39 11 4 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 5 38 11 4 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 5 35 13 2 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Greek translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 5 40 11 4 17 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 40 12 4 17 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 47 10 3 15 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 45 11 2 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 39 13 2 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 4 41 11 4 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sinuous, winding up and down."
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-en-adj-zW8Bc2Cm",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "sinuous",
          "sinuous"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany, of a margin) sinuous, winding up and down."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a margin"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjəlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjʊlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndəlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjələt/",
      "note": "merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/",
      "note": "merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndələt/",
      "note": "merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "undulate"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "undulāte",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "undulāte"
      },
      "expansion": "undulāte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "undulātus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vocative masculine singular of undulātus"
      ],
      "id": "en-undulate-la-adj-PSpeg~m7",
      "links": [
        [
          "undulātus",
          "undulatus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "undulate"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
    "English terms borrowed from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Māori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "circumundulate"
    },
    {
      "word": "undulately"
    },
    {
      "word": "undulation"
    },
    {
      "word": "undulative"
    },
    {
      "word": "undulator"
    },
    {
      "word": "undulatory"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "undulātus",
      "undulatus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "undulō",
      "undulo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ate",
      "-ate#English:_verb"
    ],
    [
      "unda",
      "unda#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wed-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1664"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1664",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-new",
        "3": "undulātus",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from New Latin undulātus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "verb",
        "pos1": "verb-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (verb-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "unda",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wave"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin unda (“wave”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1664; borrowed from New Latin undulātus, the perfect passive participle of undulō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from an unattested *undula (“small wave”), diminutive of Latin unda (“wave”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "undulates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "undulating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "undulated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "undulated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "undulate (third-person singular simple present undulates, present participle undulating, simple past and past participle undulated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "oscillate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              37,
              46
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:",
          "text": "Breath vocalized, i.e., vibrated and undulated.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to move in a wavelike motion."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wavelike",
          "wavelike"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to move in a wavelike motion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to resemble a wave."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "resemble",
          "resemble"
        ],
        [
          "wave",
          "wave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To cause to resemble a wave."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "text": "His tongue undulated.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              34,
              42
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1865, Walt Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, in Sequel to Drum-Taps: When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d and other poems:",
          "text": "Come lovely and soothing death, / Undulate round the world, serenely arriving, arriving, / In the day, in the night, to all, to each, / Sooner or later delicate death.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To move in wavelike motions."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To move in wavelike motions."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To appear wavelike."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To appear wavelike."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjʊleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndəleɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undulate.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "vălnuvam",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "вълнувам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ondular"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ondar"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ondulere"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "svinger"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "värisyttää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "saada aaltoilemaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "wogen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "schwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "wellenförmig bewegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "kymatízo",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "κυματίζω"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "roman": "heundeulda",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "흔들다"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ondular"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ondear"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "rjabítʹ",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ряби́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "vzvalovati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "ondear"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "dalgalandırmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "dalgalanmak",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to move in a wave",
      "word": "طالغهلانمق"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "pravja vălnoobrazen",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "правя вълнообразен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "ondar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "aallottaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "wellen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "ondulieren"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "hullámosít"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "ondolál"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "ondular"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "rjabítʹ",
      "sense": "transitive: cause to resemble a wave",
      "word": "ряби́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "vălnuvam se",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "вълнувам се"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "onejar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ondular"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "aaltoilla"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "onduler"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ondoyer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "wellen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "wallen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "wogen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "undulieren"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "wiegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "sich wellenförmig bewegen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "kymaínomai",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "κυμαίνομαι"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "hullámzik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "english": "rattle, shake, vibrate, swing, be shaky",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "roman": "heundeullida",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translation": "rattle, shake, vibrate, swing, be shaky",
      "word": "흔들리다"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Māori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "māpuna"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Māori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ngapu"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Māori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "pūwakawaka"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "bølge"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "falować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ondular"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ondear"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "rjabítʹ",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ряби́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ondear"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "ondular"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "bölja"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "dalgalanmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "dalgalanmak",
      "sense": "intransitive: move in wavelike motions",
      "word": "طالغهلانمق"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "vălnoobrazen săm",
      "sense": "intransitive: resemble a wave",
      "word": "вълнообразен съм"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "intransitive: resemble a wave",
      "word": "kiemurrella"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "intransitive: resemble a wave",
      "word": "schlängeln"
    }
  ],
  "word": "undulate"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "undulātus",
      "undulatus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ate",
      "-ate#English:_adjective"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "undulātus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "undulated"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ate",
        "id1": "adjective",
        "pos1": "adjective-forming suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ate (adjective-forming suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more undulate",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most undulate",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "undulate (comparative more undulate, superlative most undulate)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Wavy in appearance or form."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Wavy",
          "wavy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Changing the pitch and volume of one's voice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pitch",
          "pitch"
        ],
        [
          "volume",
          "volume"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sinuous, winding up and down."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "sinuous",
          "sinuous"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany, of a margin) sinuous, winding up and down."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a margin"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjəlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjʊlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndəlɪt/",
      "note": "non-merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndjələt/",
      "note": "merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/",
      "note": "merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʌndələt/",
      "note": "merged vowel"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-undulate2.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "vălnoobrazen",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "word": "вълнообразен"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "lainetav"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "kymatódis",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κυματώδης"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "kymatoeidís",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κυματοειδής"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "kymatistós",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κυματιστός"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "word": "bølget"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "falisty"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pofałdowany"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "word": "ondulado"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "volnístyj",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "word": "волни́стый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "volnoobráznyj",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "word": "волнообра́зный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "wavy in appearance or form",
      "word": "ondulado"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "changing one's voice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "falujący"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "changing one's voice",
      "word": "dalgalanma"
    }
  ],
  "word": "undulate"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "undulāte",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "undulāte"
      },
      "expansion": "undulāte",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin adjective forms",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin non-lemma forms",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "undulātus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vocative masculine singular of undulātus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "undulātus",
          "undulatus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "undulate"
}

Download raw JSONL data for undulate meaning in All languages combined (19.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.